Remains of four Italian divers killed in Maldives cave dive repatriated - The Hindu
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Four elite divers died in a Maldives underwater cave, exposing how risk homeostasis makes expert adventurers systematically underestimate danger as their skill grows.
Risk Homeostasis TheoryDunning-Kruger EffectNormalization of DevianceOverconfidence Bias

Theory Briefing
- Four Italian divers perished deep inside an underwater cave in the Maldives, a setting where escape routes are near-zero once things go wrong.
- Risk homeostasis theory predicts that greater diver expertise and advanced equipment paradoxically encourage deeper, more fatal risk-taking.
- The repatriation of remains highlights how cave diving's extreme environment collapses normal safety margins, making cognitive bias especially deadly.