Sci/Tech
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Man-created (anthropogenic) carbon emissions are changing the PH in earth’s oceans, causing acidification which will rapidly destroy coral reefs and anything in the ocean that contains calcium carbonate. Scientists conclude that unabated CO2 emissions over the coming centuries may produce changes in ocean pH that are greater than any experienced in the past 300 million years.
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Inspired by Ghandi and refined by E.F. Schumacher appropriate technology argues that technology adoption should be done in context with the local community and mindful of its potential consequences. Simply put, not all new tech is good tech at any time for all people.
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Diffusion of innovations theory focuses on the stages an individual takes when adopting a new technology and the types of adopters. E.M. Rogers argued that diffusion has four stages; knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation. Rogers divided technology adopters into 5 groups: innovator, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards.
One of the central premises of family systems theory is that family systems organize themselves to carry out the daily challenges and tasks of life, as well as adjusting to the developmental needs of its members. Critical to this premise is the concept of holism. A family systems approach argues that in order to understand a family system we must look at the family as a whole.
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Black holes may be shaped like tiny donuts. If this is true, it is also likely true there are more than four dimensions of left & right, up & down, front & back and time. The implications are huge. Another dimension could also mean multiple, additional dimensions according to string theory.
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Structuralism formulated by the french linguist ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). The meaning of a SIGN is not what it refers to, but its place in a system of oppositions with other signs: for example, tree, bush, shrub, and so on. F de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, W Baskin, trans....
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A theory which attributes the shapes of molecules to the minimization of energy achieved when the electron pairs forming chemical bonds repel each other. For example, methane (CH4) with four equivalent carbon-hydrogen bonds has perfect tetrahedral symmetry. Ammonia (NH3), with three equivalent...
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The rule that the sums of the band strengths of all emission/absorption bands with the sameupper/lower state, respectively, is proportional to the number of molecules in the upper/lower state, where the band strength is the emission/absorption intensity divided by the fourth power of the frequency. GD
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Named after Danish historical linguist Karl Vemer (1846-96). Vemer gave a systematic explanation of exceptions to GRIMM'S LAW. Together these two Maws' provide an excellent illustration of the workings of 19th century historical linguistics. R Anttila, Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics...
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Named after its inventor, John Venn (1834-1923), this is a diagram in which mathematical sets or the terms of categorical statements are represented by overlapping circles (perhaps with some similar figures) within a boundary to represent the universal set.
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Named after its discoverer, this states that if two salts have the same crystal structure and form solid solutions, the lattice spacings of the latter are a linear function of the composition; that is, the lattice spacing-composition curves are straight lines joining the values for the two pure salts....
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Named after the Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff (1852-1911) who was Professor of Chemistry at Amsterdam, Leipzig and Berlin and won the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1901. The law (a generalization of AVOGADRO'S LAW) states that the osmotic pressure of a dissolved substance at a given temperature...
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Named after C B van Niel, this is the theory that the oxygen (O2) released by plants is derived from water, not from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, even though carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis. Although some experimental support for Niel's hypothesis appeared a few years after his proposal,...
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Named after its proposer, Bertil van der Waerden. Let y4 be a matrix with n rows and columns of non-negative real numbers such that the sum of elements in each row or column is 1. If the sum of all products with one factor taken from every row and one taken from every column has the lowest possible value,...
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The theory relates to gas chromatography and considers the sample phase to flow continuouslyrather than stepwise. GD
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Foundational principle of linguistics and of STRUCTURALISM formulated by the French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). The meaning of a SIGN is not what it refers to, but its place in a system of oppositions with other signs: for example, tree, bush, shrub, and so on. F de Saussure, Course in...
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A theory which attributes the shapes of molecules to the minimization of energy achieved when the electron pairs forming chemical bonds repel each other. For example, methane (CH4) with four equivalent carbon-hydrogen bonds has perfect tetrahedral symmetry. Ammonia (NH3), with three equivalent nitrogenhydrogen...
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A theory due to the English mathematical physicist Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (1902-84). Dirac applied a quantum treatment to Maxwell's electromagnetic field and described it in terms of a large number of oscillators with discrete energy levels. According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,...
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Proposed by Dreyer and Bennett, this is the theory that two genes are required to encode for one antibody chain; specifically, that the 'constant' (C) region of peptides is produced by a single gene, while the diverse V region is produced by another. Much experimental evidence now exists to support this...
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A pair of prime numbers which differ by two. It is an outstanding conjecture that the number of such pairs is infinite. In 1974, Jing-Run Chen (1933- ) showed that the conjecture is valid if one of the primes is replaced by a number with at most two prime factors. A Baker, A Concise Introduction to the...
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A paradox arising out of relativity theory. A pair of identical twins are initially together in an inertial system. The first twin stays behind while the second twin is accelerated to a high velocity on a long space journey and then returns to rest beside the first twin. The special theory of relativity...
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