Health
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Acquiescence bias or acquiescence effect states that individuals will tend to answer in a positive manner to a given question, especially if they are asked leading questions. This 'need to please' is driven by a need to be viewed positively by the person or organization asking the question.
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Social exchange theory states that all social connections are weighed through a constant, rational cost-benefit analysis. It has much in common with the economic concept of enlightened self-interest. Although George Caspar Homans (1958) is usually credited with developing the concept of social exchange,...
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The belief bias concept is the tendency of a person to evaluate the logical validity of an argument based on personal belief rather than logic. It is a specific example of the confirmation bias as it applies to logical thinking.Regardless of the logical strength of the argument, people tend to accept...
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Named after American circus impresario P.T. Barnum, the Barnum effect posits that people will tend to believe ambiguous or vague statements about themselves and accept them as accurate.
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Altercasting is a theory of emotional persuasion where an actor/agent forces an individual into a social role to generate a desired set of actions or beliefs. It has two forms: manded and tact-based.
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We all know at least one person with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD -- aka the 'winter blues.' Check out 3 of the top theories behind the physiology of the SAD.
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Research now suggests that SAD has a genetic component. Simply put, low-sunlight is not an equal opportunity depressant. Some genetic groups are more affected by SAD than others. Specifically, the 5-HTTLPR gene has been found to be expressed differently in SAD patients.
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The serotonergic dysfunction theory of SAD states, based on research findings, that the receptors on brain cells that are stimulated by serotonin are not functioning correctly, resulting in abnormal neuroendocrine responses and the symptoms experienced in SAD.
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One major theory for explaining SAD involves the circadian rhythms of the body. In effect, reduced daylight causes a 'phase shift' of the body's circadian rhythms which affects when and how much melatonin is produced. During sleep, melatonin acts affects the amount of hormones secreted by the body's 'master gland' -- the pituitary gland. The result is a cascade of symptoms common to SAD.
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The theory of the Affect Infusion Model posits that as complex situations become more complicated, our moods tend to influence our evaluations and processing.
Author: Will Brink The Experimental Biology Conference (FASEB) was held this year in New Orleans. The FASEB conference brings in scientists from all over the world, with more then 10,000 in attendance this year. Topics covered are wide ranging, including topics aging, cancer, cardio vascular disease,...
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Heart attacks peak during the winter months and cold weather has been thought to be the
primary culprit. But cardiologist Robert Kloner of the Keck School of Medicine and LA's Good Samaritan Hospital found that heart attack deaths peak on Christmas and New Year's in the mild climate of Los Angeles County. The theory? It's not the cold. It's holiday stress.
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Social cognition theory argues a person's acquisition of knowledge is directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences.
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Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), was a German physician and some say the father of homeopathy. He had a theory about coffee: it was the cause of all human illness.
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People create their own symbolic vocabulary specific to their lives. This “vocabulary,” along with external factors, shapes the individual's interaction with the world.
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People are externally motivated to modify their behavior to match the class, occupation and gender (to name a few) requirements of a social situation.
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The theory of subliminal messaging suggests a signal or message can be introduced to thought at a level below the limits of normal perception. It proposes that audio or visual images can be presented in ways the conscious mind won't perceive, but the deeper or unconscious mind will.
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People define who they are in part by the social groups they align themselves with. Developed by Henri Tejfel and John Turner, it proposes that stereotyping is a normal cognitive process, expressing a natural tendency to group things together. This is done by exaggerating the differences between groups and the similarities of things in the same group.
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Social learning theory; proof 'do as I say and not as I do' doesn't work.
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Proposed by the American psychologist Orval Hobart Mowrer (1907-82), and also known as 'two press theory'. Two-factor theorists assume that there are fundamental distinctions between classical and instrumental conditioning, and that it is impossible to reduce one type of conditioning to the other even...
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Prop)osed by the Austrian founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). This psychoanalytic term refers to the displacement of feelings and attitudes (having roots in an earlier crucial relationship, usually with a parent or sibling) onto the analyst. Transference may be either positive or negative...
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