Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1943) explains human motivation as a pyramid of five tiers, where each tier represents a different general type of human needs. According to Maslow, humans cannot be motivated by higher needs until lower ones are met.
The lowest tier on the pyramid consists of physiological needs, such as food and sleep. Failure to meet these needs can kill a person. More controversially, Maslow also includes basic sex as a physiological need.
The second tier on the pyramid consists of personal security needs. These amount to an individual's need to be able to rely on his financial environment and on local judicial and law enforcement. Although this level of needs is usually met fairly well in Western societies, it was shaken during the financial crisis of 2008-9 when even formerly secure middle-class people could no longer rely on shelter and the security of financial savings. Maslow includes employment, shelter, resources, and societal morality in this tier.
The third tier on the pyramid consists of social needs, such as friendship and intimacy. According to Maslow, a person needs a network which can meet his emotional need to fit in. This can be family, a circle of friends, a club, or even a gang.
The fourth tier on the pyramid consists of esteem needs, also known as the belonging need. Unlike the third tier, which is the emotional need for acceptance within a social circle, the fourth tier is the need to be valued by others. At the higher level of this tier, value must arise from a person's self-security in his own abilities.
Together, the lowest four tiers of Maslow's hierarchy of needs consist entirely of deficiency needs. Maslow proposes that meeting these lower needs is essential to a person's physiological and psychological health. Depending on the tier and the extent to which needs are not met, failure to meet these needs results in anxiety, poor health, or even death.
The fifth and final tier of Maslow's original hierarchy of needs is the need for self-actualization. Now that the lower tier needs have been met, a person is free to realize his greatest potential.
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I am very interested in your Chutes and Ladders analogy! I wonder if you think, according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, once you've acheived the next level, you can "slide" all the way back down to the first level.